Iqta system pdf it has sometimes been erroneously compared to the fief of medieval europe. Iqtadari system, iqta system, iqta system during sultanate. It is generally accepted that the iqta system was established at the end of the abbasid period and got consolidated during the seljuk period. The second category of land was the khalsa, or the royal land. This lecture explains about iqta system during sultanate period.
He abolished the iqta system introduced by iltutmish and started paying them salary in cash. How was it used to 12 distribute the revenue resources among the nobles. The iqta system was provided institutional status by iltutmish and later this system became the mainstay of the sultanate administration under slave dynasty. These points might come quite handy during preparation of prelims and mains, to get a quick grasp of the subject. Discuss factors responsible for the expansion of trade during the sultanate period.
The iqta system started with the need of early turkish sultans. First sultan to put forward his views about kingship according to which the king was the shadow of god title nvabatikhudui and inscribed zillah on coins. In fact the enormous wealth tempted mahmud of ghazni to invade india several times and each time he got immense treasure from here. Small iqta these were usually provided to the soldiers in the form of salary. Under the system, the whole empire was divided into several large and small tracts of land, called the iqtas, which were assigned to nobles, officers and soldiers for the purpose of administration and revenue collection. Qutubuddin aibak was the first sultan and ibrahim lodi, the last sultan. The ghorids were rulers of a small kingdom in the herat area, who took advantage of this weakness.
Womens college, jalpaiguri on 27th december, 2011, page 1 of 4. In the absence of a law of succession, intrigues, civil war and violence. The muslim nobility period was not homogeneous in character, but coml of various nationalities such as turk, afghan, abyssl egyptian and arab. The history of the delhi sultanate shows that the death of the monarch was usually followed by a period of uncertainty. Critically examine the growth of the iqta system during the sultanate period. During the ilbari turks iqtas were territorial areas or rights whose revenues were assigned to officials in lieu of salaries. While the book focuses on military and political affairs, tracing the sultanate s resistance to formidable mongol invasions from the northwest and the administrative developments that underpinned these exploits, it also. Wells were the major source for artificial irrigation and here we find a distinct improvement was effected during the sultanate period for water lifting. Economic condition of india was affluent under the reign of the delhi sultanate. Structural changes in taxation and fiscal administration during the reign of alnasir muhammad bin qalawun by rory cahill the establishment of the mamluk sultanate at the close of the th century was a major change in the political power in egypt and syria. India during the sultanate period your article library. He was the first sultan who set up a permanent standing army of the sultanate.
But he was later executed and razia became the sulthan daughter of ilthumish sulthana raziya, the only women ruler of, the sultanate came to power in 1236 and reigned till 1240. The administrative system of the sultanate political theory structure of government revenue the army justice provincial administration 86 a rapid survey of the threehundredyear history of the delhi sultanate is likely to leave the reader with two impressions. During the 12th cantury, the ghaznavids were weakened considerably through their incessant warfare with the seljuqs on their western frontier. The prominent orientalist claude cahen described the iqta as follows. Much later during the gupta period, when the worship of lord vishnu developed, many holy books including the ramayan and the mahabharata were composed depicting the love and mystical union of the individual with god. Gk questions with answers on revenue system under delhi. The success of iltutmish as sultan of delhi and the remarkable achievements of his. Or do you agree that the revolt of 1857 was the first war of indian independence. In the seljuk empire, the move toward the iqta system was facilitated by the. It was a period which saw the systematization of agrarian exploitation and concentration of resources. Financial system of delhi sultanate the financial system was an important part of the administration of the delhi sultanate. The iqtadari system witnessed numerous changes during the sultanate period. However, during firuz shah tughlaqs reign, it became hereditary. The sultans of delhi sultanate like balban, iltutmish, allauddin khilji etc effectively used the iqtadari system for their centralization of power.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the sultanate was the principal bastion of islam in the subcontinent. Brief notes on the land revenue system of sultanate period. Initially the delhi sultans had divided their empire into several iqtas or provinces or spheres of influence and put them under the charge of officers called iqtadars governors. During the sultanate period,the land was distributed to the lords as iqtas with the authority to collect taxes. They rendered manual services to earn their livelihood. The term iqtadari system was coined by nizamul mulk to maintain smooth administration of the abbassid empire. It would help the students to analyze the evolution and establishment of the sultanate in delhi. With the defeat of ibrahim lodi at the hands of babur in 1526, came the end of the delhi sultanate.
The revenue system of the sulthanate iqta system, was introduced by ilthumish. What was the provincial iqta system of delhi sultanate. In a broadranging, accessible narrative, peter jackson traces the history of the sultanate from its foundation in 1210 to its demise in 1400 at the sack of delhi by the central asian conqueror, tamerlane. One is of a political structure in which violence, based on a powerful fighting force, was the. The delhi sultans divided their kingdom into a number of units known as iqtas. After that iqtas were divided into smaller units called shiqqs, which were put under shiqqdars. Why the iqta system was called as the central pillar of the administrative system of delhi sultana answer. Classvii history teachers manual unit iii the delhi sultanate 4 scope this unit would emphasize that history is a critical discipline, a process of enquiry into the past.
The iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi. Why the iqta system was called as the central pillar of. During iltutmishs reign, the city of delhi emerged as. Malik kafur, during the reign of ala ud din khilji, brought so much wealth in plunder from south india that the value of currency fell down in the north. Trace the origin and development of the bhakti movement in the turkoafghan. The success of iltutmish as sultan of delhi and the remarkable achievements of. Iqta is an arabic word denoting a sort of administrative regional unit.
Delhi sultanate, principal muslim power in north india from the th to the 16th century, enabled by the campaigns of the ghurid dynasty and made independent by iltutmish. By the end of the th century there was no smaller administrative unit than iqta. I agrarian relations during the sultanate period in order to make a precise understanding of the agrarian relations as they exist in india today it is. Under weak rulers power and ambitions rose high and even threatene stability of the government. To what extent did it contribute to the decline of the delhi sultanate. Out of the taxes collected,the surplus after meeting the expenses of the army authority was only for collecting taxes.
Each iqta was headed by a millatry leader known as mukti. He organized and introduced a countrywide spy system. Chapter five creation of an administrative structure. What was the term iqta stood for, during the sultanate period. After a period of imperialism, the sultanate s power began to decline after the timurid invasions and was later subsumed into the mughal empire.
Initially, iqta was a revenueyielding piece of land which was assigned in lieu of salary. The revenue system of delhi sultanate was based on the theory of taxation as propounded by the hanafi school of thought, which prescribed the levy of taxes i. Inevitably, the iqtaholders tried to conceal the real income from the iqtas. During the saljuq period, the iqta system was carefully regularized. Social conditions during the rule of the delhi sultans, the muslim n was a powerful political force. Only main points from the chapters are compiled below. Now tax farming implies to the responsibility of collecting of taxes by groupsread third parties. The reference material for this post is ncert history text for class 7 our past 1. Since the turks came from central asia, they, in the initial stage, were unaware of the indian political and economic system.
Central administration and iqta system during sultanate period. The delhi sultans chapter wise cbse solved question and answer based on ncert. India from the early medieval period was accustomed with. The lord who had the responsibility of the iqtas was known as the muqti or wali. The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate perod. What were the factors responsible for the disintegration of the turkish sultanate. As long as the state was powerful, the iqtaholders were kept under control. The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. Discuss the rise of rajput kingdoms in western india during the medieval period. The new system served as the basis for coinage for much of the sultanate period and even beyond, though periodic shortages of silver caused further debasement. Of course, the muqtis also had certain obligations to the sultan. The iqta system provided an agrarian system to the country while the members of the ruling class attained income without any permanent attachment to any territory. A succession of week monarchs gave the iqtaholders a certain amount of sanctity and semblance to private property.
Why did the rulers of the delhi sultanate fail to control the hinterlands initially. During these years, hindistani music and carnatic music, both subgenres of indian classical music, were. Ilthumish was succeeded by his son ruknuddin firoz shah. Analyse the reasons for the popularity of chishti 12 sufis in india. The ramayan and the mahabharata, though written earlier were rewritten during. Why the iqta system was called as the central pillar of the administrative system of delhi sultanate. To maintain their rule, the turks introduced many administrative practices which, by and large, continued for a long time with some changes. It was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the delh sultanate. The delhi sultanate is a period of time that covers five dynasties from 1206 to 1526. Administration of india under the delhi sultanate history discussion. Iqta system and the common fief system practiced in the west at similar periods. The delhi sultanate was the first islamic state to be established in india.
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